The Fly faction, in contrast, was a loose collection of palm oil producers and some chieftains, which supported accommodation with Abeokuta and the British in order to expand palm oil trade. At the policy and war debates held at the Annual Customs these two factions held a number of tense discussions about the future of the Kingdom of Dahomey.
In , the British imposed a naval blockade on the ports of Dahomey in order to force them to end the slave trade. In January , Ghezo accepted a treaty with the British ending the export of slaves from Dahomey. In the same year and the following one, Ghezo suspended large-scale military campaigns and human sacrifice in the kingdom. However political pressure contributed to the resumption of slave trading and large scale military action in and Ghezo was assassinated by a sniper associated with Abeokuta and large scale warfare between the two states resumed in This one ended again in the favor of Abeokuta and the result was that the slave trade could not be significantly reestablished to its level.
The power of slave traders in the empire decreased and the palm oil trade became a more significant part of the economy. In , the Kingdom of Dahomey agreed to the French making the city of Cotonou into a protectorate; although taxation of the King of Dahomey was to remain in effect.
In , the French received similar concessions over Porto-Novo, a traditional rival of Dahomey along the coast. Notable during the war was the defeat of the Dahomey Amazons in November The French began changing key aspects of administration and politics in the Kingdom of Dahomey. In , the French instituted a new poll tax which was highly unpopular and Agoli-Agbo opposed the tax causing serious political problems in the protectorate. The French though brought together many key members of the kingdom as the chiefs of cantons.
French Dahomey included the Kingdom of Dahomey, with Porto-Novo and an area to the north of loose tribal control. Agoli-Agbo remained exiled from until when the French administration decided to allow him to return to the area because of his key role in Fon ancestor worship and ceremonies. He was not allowed to reside in Abomey or travel freely, but was allowed to visit Abomey to perform ceremonial functions during the Annual Customs by the French administration.
French Dahomey administration remained over the area from until when the country gained independence and took the name Republic of Dahomey. In , the name of the country was changed from Republic of Dahomey to Benin. The King of Dahomey remains an important ceremonial position and continued through both French administration and independence. The political and economic hierarchies of Dahomey have remained crucial in post-independence Dahomey and Benin.
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Subscriber sign in You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Ade, and Michael Crowder, eds. History of West Africa. London: Longman, — The two volumes offer a comprehensive overview of West African societies from prehistoric times to the 20th century. Connah, Graham. African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective. A survey of ancient African cultures from the Nile Valley to Great Zimbabwe and beyond with emphasis on their origins, economies and social and political structures.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Translated by Mary Baker. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener, Using archival and archaeological evidence among other sources , the author reconstructs the history of some of the advanced ancient cultures in Africa south of the Sahara, in addition to their contributions to world trade between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Davidson, Basil. Africa: History of a Continent. New York: Macmillan, First published in , this is an important overview of historical events in different parts of Africa from early times to the 20th century. General History of Africa.
Berkeley: University of California Press, — Edited by a different scholar, each volume features essays on major topics ranging from methodology, prehistory, trans-Saharan trade, and ancient African civilizations, to the Middle Passage, European colonization, the struggle for decolonization, and the emergence of independent nations.
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