Video series featuring innovators. ET Financial Inclusion Summit. Malaria Mukt Bharat. Wealth Wise Series How they can help in wealth creation. Honouring Exemplary Boards. Deep Dive Into Cryptocurrency. ET Markets Conclave — Cryptocurrency.
Reshape Tomorrow Tomorrow is different. Let's reshape it today. Corning Gorilla Glass TougherTogether. In more human terms, this means that whenever you buy a book on Amazon from any link on here, I receive a small percentage of its price, which goes straight back into my own colossal biblioexpenses. Privacy policy. TLDR: You're safe — there are no nefarious "third parties" lurking on my watch or shedding crumbs of the "cookies" the rest of the internet uses. Schopenhauer writes: It has often been remarked that there is a side at which genius and madness touch, and even pass over into each other, and indeed poetical inspiration has been called a kind of madness: amabilis insania , Horace calls it.
In a passage that presages what scientists have since discovered about how memory disorders illuminate the workings of the mind , he writes: A clear and complete insight into the nature of madness, a correct and distinct conception of what constitutes the difference between the sane and the insane, has, as far as I know, not as yet been found.
While the invasion of nonsense into conscious thought can be overwhelming and disruptive, "it can be quite creative, too," said Saks, who developed schizophrenia as a young adult. For example, word association studies, which ask participants to list all the words that come to mind in relation to a stimulus word such as "tulip" , demonstrate that bipolar patients undergoing mild mania can generate three times as many word associations in a given time period as the general population.
As for how this leads to strokes of genius, it could be that the sheer bounty of unsuppressed ideas means a greater probability of producing something profound. Of course, no one is bursting with creative energy during a severe bout of depression or schizophrenia. Above all, these conditions are debilitating and even life-threatening, the scientists said, and although society benefits from the productivity of its tortured geniuses, those individuals don't always consider their moments of brilliance to be worth the extensive suffering.
For example, artists operating in formal, classical or academic styles will operate under more constraints than artists working in more expressive, subjective or romantic styles Ludwig, The extent to which they exhibit the creativity cluster will reflect this stylistic contrast. Because some psychopathological symptoms correlate with several of the characteristics making up the creativity cluster, moderate amounts of these symptoms will be positively associated with creative behavior.
Moreover, more creative individuals will display these traits to a higher degree. Creators operating in less-constrained domains will also exhibit these symptoms to a greater extent. To the extent that these symptoms have a genetic foundation, creativity can be said to be partly biologically determined.
Nevertheless, psychopathological symptoms are not the only possible source for the cognitive and dispositional attributes underlying creativity. Many environmental experiences and conditions can also nurture the development of the same cluster. Although some of these developmental influences are also associated with psychopathology, others are not. Thus, on the one hand, creative development is frequently associated with traumatic experiences in childhood or adolescence, experiences that may also contribute to depression and suicidal tendencies Eisenstadt, ; Goertzel and Goertzel, On the other hand, development is also linked to an enriched and diverse intellectual and cultural environment, an environment that is neutral with respect to psychopathology Simonton, Growing up under such conditions fosters the emergence of many cognitive and dispositional traits that define the creativity cluster.
The theoretical interpretation just provided holds that creativity and psychopathology share a common set of traits. As a consequence, creators will commonly exhibit symptoms often associated with mental illness. The frequency and intensity of these symptoms will vary according to the magnitude and domain of creative achievement. At the same time, these symptoms are not equivalent to out-and-out psychopathology. Besides the fact that characteristics are normally at subclinical levels, their effects are tempered by positive attributes, such as high ego strength and exceptional intellect.
Moreover, many of the relevant components can be nurtured by environmental factors that lessen their dependence on any psycho-pathological inclinations.
Taken altogether, this means that creativity is not incompatible with mental and emotional health. This affirmation is reinforced by the existence of numerous creative individuals who display little or no symptoms beyond normal baselines. As a result, creators should have no fear that therapeutic treatment for disabling mental or emotional disorders would undermine their creative potential.
Because the relationships between certain symptoms and creativity are described by curvilinear inverted-U curves, one goal of psychiatric intervention should be to identify the optimum level of functioning and then maintain the creative individual at that level.
Furthermore, treatment can also concentrate on those aspects of the creative personality that have a positive linear association with both creativity and mental health.
Examples include ego strength and openness to experience. Although such an intervention clearly requires a delicate balancing act, the task is not by any means impossible. Executed carefully, it should be possible to help clients become more creative and more healthy at the same time.
Simonton is distinguished professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and author of nearly publications concerning various aspects of genius, creativity and leadership. Andreasen NC , Creativity and mental illness: prevalence rates in writers and their first-degree relatives.
Am J Psychiatry 10 Compr Psychiatry 15 2 Princeton, N. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill. Eysenck HJ , Creativity and personality: suggestions for a theory.
Psychological Inquiry Eysenck HJ , Creativity and personality: word association, origence, and psychoticism. Creativity Research Journal New York: Cambridge University Press. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Gough HG , Tests of personality: questionnaires.
0コメント