About bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis BV is caused by an imbalance of the bacteria normally present in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis may occur at the same time as sexually transmissible infections STIs. How BV is spread Although it is not clear how BV is transmitted, it is more common in women who are sexually active. Diagnosis of BV Diagnosis is made based on signs and symptoms and lab tests. During a medical examination, your doctor may notice: copious vaginal discharge odour from the vagina decreased acidity of the vaginal fluid on pH testing.
Treatment for BV If you have no symptoms, treatment is usually not required as this condition is self-limiting will go away by itself. Seek treatment if: you are about to have a medical procedure that could allow bacteria into the uterus — for example, insertion of an IUD, or termination of pregnancy you are pregnant — BV can cause early onset of labour.
Talk to your GP, obstetrician or midwife about treatment for BV if you are pregnant the symptoms of BV are affecting your quality of life and you are avoiding sex because of it.
Antibiotics are used to treat BV An antibiotic called metronidazole can be used to treat the infection. If your doctor prescribes metronidazole you will need to: Take the antibiotic twice a day for seven days.
Take the tablets after meals — this can reduce the nausea and upset stomach that is sometimes associated with metronidazole. Avoid drinking alcohol during treatment.
Recurrences of BV Even after treatment, about half of the women with BV will get the condition back within six to 12 months.
Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Medical Definition of vaginosis. Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary. Test your vocabulary with our question quiz! Love words? Need even more definitions? Homophones, Homographs, and Homonyms The same, but different.
Merriam-Webster's Words of the Week - Nov. Podcast Safety Tips. Slag belongs to the generation that coined it. So once a year we do our best to decipher some of the more common terms you may hear or see your kids use. It changes from city to city and culture to culture. Terms and meanings may vary. Many of the words are fun and harmless, while others are specifically meant to mask risky behavior. A real one. A person who is being authentic, genuine, trusted.
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Terms that refer to money. Sending flirtatious text messages to another person to get their attention but remain non-committal. Something is awesome. The girl in my science class has cake. Reject or stop supporting a group or idea. No cap. I just saw him eat a bug. No cap! This term describes a person, idea, or situation that is outdated or inauthentic. Sometimes an expression for an extravagant way of living. Chasing Clout. A term that describes a person who does and says things for the sole purpose of becoming more popular.
To reject someone romantically. Wanting to date or cuff yourself to someone temporarily—at least until summer break. Do it for the gram. A phrase that describes someone doing something for the sole purpose of posting online. If severe or recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis does not respond to initial treatment, culture may guide therapy when nonalbicans species are identified. Infections with nonalbicans species are less responsive to fluconazole. Topical imidazoles i. Other nonpharmacologic regimens have been proposed for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
A meta-analysis did not demonstrate clear evidence for probiotics in the treatment of candidal vaginitis; however, more studies are needed because of small study size and varied probiotic regimens. Treatment of trichomoniasis can decrease symptoms and reduce transmission to partners. In addition, in persons with HIV infection, treatment of trichomoniasis may also decrease HIV transmission rates to partners.
Although first-line therapy for trichomoniasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women is a single 2-g dose of metronidazole, patients with HIV infection treated with a seven-day course of metronidazole had lower rates of infection at test of cure and lower rates of reinfection at three months.
Metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis, which would require tinidazole, is rare. Trichomoniasis in Pregnancy. Trichomoniasis has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. Among hormonal therapies, low-dose vaginal estrogen preparations are available in creams, tablets, and rings.
Systemic estrogen therapies are also available for patients with vasomotor symptoms. More research is needed to better characterize the cause and treatment of inflammatory vaginitis.
Some studies have demonstrated improvement in symptoms with application of topical clindamycin or steroids; however, the ideal duration of treatment and superiority of one agent over the other have not been established. This article updates previous articles on this topic by Hainer and Gibson , 14 Owen and Clenney , 69 and Egan and Lipsky.
Data Sources: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane database, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse for vaginitis topics, and retrieved relevant references from review articles and clinical guidelines. Search terms included vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, Candida , and Trichomonas.
We also included the literature review from Essential Evidence Plus. Search dates: October and April Already a member or subscriber? Log in. Interested in AAFP membership? Learn more. URMI A. Address correspondence to Heather L.
Reprints are not available from the authors. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists, number 72, May vaginitis. Obstet Gynecol. Sobel JD. N Engl J Med. The burden of bacterial vaginosis: women's experience of the physical, emotional, sexual and social impact of living with recurrent bacterial vaginosis.
PLoS One. Karasz A, Anderson M. The vaginitis monologues: women's experiences of vaginal complaints in a primary care setting. Soc Sci Med. Evidence of African-American women's frustrations with chronic recurrent bacterial vaginosis.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. Psychological factors associated with recurrent vaginal candidiasis: a preliminary study.
Sex Transm Infect. Health-related quality of life as measured with the Short-Form 36 SF questionnaire in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. Perceived stress in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. The limited value of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of vaginal infections. Arch Intern Med. The classic approach to diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: a critical analysis.
Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. Syndromic diagnosis in evaluation of women with symptoms of vaginitis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. Determining the cause of vulvovaginal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol Surv. Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. Evaluation of vaginal infections in adolescent women: can it be done without a speculum?
Self-collected versus provider-collected vaginal swabs for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: an assessment of validity and reliability. J Clin Epidemiol. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis from self-obtained vaginal swabs. Reliability of self-collected versus provider-collected vaginal swabs for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.
Comparison of Gram-stained smears prepared from blind vaginal swabs with those obtained at speculum examination for the assessment of vaginal flora.
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. The reliability of a structured examination protocol and self administered vaginal swabs: a pilot study of gynaecological outpatients in Goa, India. Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. Clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Validity of the vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative real-time PCR assay versus clinical and Gram stain identification of bacterial vaginosis. BVBlue test for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol. Sex Reprod Healthc. Group B streptococcus: prevalence in a non-obstetric population. J Low Genit Tract Dis.
Rapid testing for vaginal yeast detection: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
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